contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spores, either ascospores or conidia, don’t need nutrients or water for germination.…
temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and…
general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as…
discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The pathogen…
the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around…
s this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection. Conidia also need water for germination. Damage symptoms Venturia inaequalis…
plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden…
carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora infects plants through fresh wounds, for example pruning wounds. It cannot infect healthy green leaves, but can…
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