to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern of damage consists of malformation and distortion of the above-ground growth of the plant. The…
lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions…
specific symptoms. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers…
pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks.…
to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The…
to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all…
from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the…
tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila…
other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Life cycle and appearance of Codling moth The adults have a wing span of 15-22 mm, blackish-brown…
with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the…
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